Physical Separation

Sizes material while water removes clay, fines, and surface contaminants before further processing. The process improves feed cleanliness and size consistency, helping protect equipment and enhance downstream separation performance.

Separates particles by density in a controlled dense medium to reject waste and concentrate valuable minerals. It is commonly used for preconcentration, reducing the mass sent to grinding while improving downstream feed grade and efficiency.

Uses pulsating water and gravity to stratify particles by density and separate valuable minerals from waste. Jigs can treat relatively coarse feeds and provide efficient preconcentration where valuable minerals have a sufficient density contrast.

Use gravity, flowing water, and centrifugal forces to separate slurry particles by density and size. They provide continuous, low-energy concentration and are widely applied to mineral sands, iron ore, chromite, and other suitable ores.

Concentrates minerals by exploiting differences in particle density using gravity-based equipment and flowsheets. Method selection depends on particle size, liberation, density contrast, throughput, and the grade-recovery objectives of the circuit.

Separates minerals according to magnetic susceptibility for concentration, purification, or contaminant removal. Field strength, particle size, feed condition, and mineral response determine equipment selection and separation performance.

Low-intensity magnetic separation recovers strongly magnetic minerals such as magnetite from processed ore. It is widely used in iron ore circuits to concentrate magnetite, recover magnetic material, and reject nonmagnetic gangue.

Wet high-intensity magnetic separation recovers weakly magnetic minerals from fine-particle slurries. High magnetic fields and a magnetized matrix enable recovery or removal of hematite, ilmenite, and other weakly magnetic materials.

Separates dry particles by differences in electrical conductivity or surface charge. It is commonly applied to dry, closely sized feeds where minerals exhibit sufficiently different electrical properties.

Uses sensors and automated ejection to separate valuable ore from waste based on measurable properties. Sorting can reject waste before grinding, upgrade plant feed, reduce energy and water use, and increase effective processing capacity.