Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)

Uses coal-derived reducing gases or solid carbon to remove oxygen from iron ore without melting it. Rotary kilns and related systems control temperature, residence time, coal reactivity, and atmosphere to achieve the required metallization.

Uses reformed natural gas to reduce iron ore into metallic iron without melting the material. Reformed gas rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide produces DRI suitable for electric arc furnaces or further processing.

Uses hydrogen-rich gas to reduce iron ore, enabling substantially lower direct carbon emissions. Performance depends on ore quality, pellet properties, hydrogen supply, heat integration, reactor design, and downstream melting capacity.

Applies proven direct-reduction processes selected for feedstock, energy supply, scale, and product needs. Technology evaluation compares metallization, product quality, emissions, utilities, feed requirements, operating flexibility, and economics.